Publications > CHI 2024
ECSKIN: LOW-COST FABRICATION OF EPIDERMAL ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS FOR DETECTING BIOMARKERS IN SWEAT
Sai Nandan Panigrahy*, Chang Hyeon Lee*, Vrahant Nagoria, Mohammad Janghorban, Richa Pandey, Aditya Shekhar Nittala
Abstract
The development of low-cost and non-invasive biosensors for monitoring electrochemical biomarkers in sweat holds great promise for personalized healthcare and early disease detection. In this work, we present ecSkin, a novel fabrication approach for realizing epidermal electrochemical sensors that can detect two vital biomarkers in sweat: glucose and cortisol. We contribute the synthesis of functional reusable inks, that can be formulated using simple household materials. Electrical characterization of inks indicates that they outperform commercially available carbon inks. Cyclic voltammetry experiments show that our inks are electrochemically active and detect glucose and cortisol at activation voltages of -0.36 V and -0.22 V, respectively. Chronoamperometry experiments show that the sensors can detect the full range of glucose and cortisol levels typically found in sweat. Results from a user evaluation show that ecSkin sensors successfully function on the skin. Finally, we demonstrate three applications to illustrate how ecSkin devices can be deployed for various interactive applications.
Keywords: Epidermal DevicesWearablesPhysiological SensingElectrochemical Devices
Reference
Sai Nandan Panigrahy*, Chang Hyeon Lee*, Vrahant Nagoria, Mohammad Janghorban, Richa Pandey, Aditya Shekhar Nittala. ecSkin: Low-Cost Fabrication of Epidermal Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Biomarkers in Sweat. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2024). ACM, New York, NY, USA Page: 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642232
ecSkin: Low-Cost Fabrication of Epidermal Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Biomarkers in Sweat
Authors: 
Sai Nandan Panigrahy, Chang Hyeon Lee, Vrahant Nagoria, Mohammad Janghorban, Richa Pandey, Aditya Shekhar NittalaAuthors Info & Claims
Sai Nandan Panigrahy, Chang Hyeon Lee, Vrahant Nagoria, Mohammad Janghorban, Richa Pandey, Aditya Shekhar NittalaAuthors Info & ClaimsArticle No.: 336, Pages 1 - 20
Abstract
The development of low-cost and non-invasive biosensors for monitoring electrochemical biomarkers in sweat holds great promise for personalized healthcare and early disease detection. In this work, we present ecSkin, a novel fabrication approach for realizing epidermal electrochemical sensors that can detect two vital biomarkers in sweat: glucose and cortisol. We contribute the synthesis of functional reusable inks, that can be formulated using simple household materials. Electrical characterization of inks indicates that they outperform commercially available carbon inks. Cyclic voltammetry experiments show that our inks are electrochemically active and detect glucose and cortisol at activation voltages of -0.36 V and -0.22 V, respectively. Chronoamperometry experiments show that the sensors can detect the full range of glucose and cortisol levels typically found in sweat. Results from a user evaluation show that ecSkin sensors successfully function on the skin. Finally, we demonstrate three applications to illustrate how ecSkin devices can be deployed for various interactive applications.
Supplemental Material
MP4 File - Video Presentation
Video Presentation
- Download
- 220.04 MB
References
[1]
Christoph Amma, Thomas Krings, Jonas Böer, and Tanja Schultz. 2015. Advancing Muscle-Computer Interfaces with High-Density Electromyography. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 929–938. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702501
[2]
Christoph Amma and Tanja Schultz. 2013. Airwriting: Bringing text entry to wearable computers. XRDS: Crossroads, the ACM Magazine for Students 20, 2 (2013), 50–55.
[3]
Sunil K Arya, Shibu Saha, Jaime E Ramirez-Vick, Vinay Gupta, Shekhar Bhansali, and Surinder P Singh. 2012. Recent advances in ZnO nanostructures and thin films for biosensor applications. Analytica chimica acta 737 (2012), 1–21.
[4]
Amay J Bandodkar, Philipp Gutruf, Jungil Choi, KunHyuck Lee, Yurina Sekine, Jonathan T Reeder, William J Jeang, Alexander J Aranyosi, Stephen P Lee, Jeffrey B Model, 2019. Battery-free, skin-interfaced microfluidic/electronic systems for simultaneous electrochemical, colorimetric, and volumetric analysis of sweat. Science advances 5, 1 (2019), eaav3294.
Cited By
View all- Simic MYammanuru SSaguiafin GVelvelicham JKrishnan S(2025)A Wrist System for Daily Stress Monitoring Using Mid-Level Physiological Fusion and Late Fusion with Survey-Based LabelsSensors10.3390/s2521659225:21(6592)Online publication date: 26-Oct-2025
- Zhu JKu PBeiler KZhao RWinagle LKao HBeigl MBian SDelmastro F(2025)VitalWear: Fabricating Textile-Based Biofuel Cells Towards Sweat-Powered WearablesProceedings of the 2025 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers10.1145/3715071.3750429(211-215)Online publication date: 7-Oct-2025
- Zhao WKhan MBaiocco DZhang ZRoudaut A(2025)Ecolor: Synthesis of EInk Microcapsules for Fabricating DIY DisplaysProceedings of the 38th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3746059.3747688(1-20)Online publication date: 28-Sep-2025
- Show More Cited By
Index Terms
- ecSkin: Low-Cost Fabrication of Epidermal Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Biomarkers in Sweat
Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.
Recommendations
HoloChemie - Sustainable Fabrication of Soft Biochemical Holographic Devices for Ubiquitous Sensing
UIST '24: Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and TechnologyFabrication of low-cost mold and nanoimprint lithography using polystyrene nanosphere
Pages 51 - 55Abstract
The periodic arrays of nanostructure were successfully patterned on Si wafers by ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) using nanosphere lithography (NSL). Two-dimensional (2D) well ordered self-assembled arrays were obtained on Si wafer by using nanosphere and the tilted-drain method. We tried to combine two techniques and hard mold of Si mold for NIL and polymer mold of acrylate-based polymer were fabricated by NSL. The Si master mold and polymer mold were formed by Cr lift-off and ICP-RIE process. The surface has a low surface energy at the interface with 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl-trichlorosilane (FOTS) vapor-coating, which can eliminate the problem of the adherence to the surface of the mold during demolding. Finally, nanopatterns were formed by UV-NIL, where the residual layer was not observed.References
[1]S. Senturia, in: Digest Technical Papers Transducers'03 Conference, Boston, June 8-12, 2003, pp. 10-15.[2]Tsuchiya, T., Tabata, O., Sakata, J. and Taga, Y., . J. Microelectromech. Syst. v7. 106-113.[3]Crichton, M., Prey. 2002. Harper Collins Publishers, Inc., New York.[4]International Technology Roadmaps for semiconductors, www.itrs.net.Cited By
View all- Kim EYoo SMoon CNelson BChoi H(2015)SU-8-based nanoporous substrate for migration of neuronal cellsMicroelectronic Engineering10.1016/j.mee.2015.03.016141:C(173-177)Online publication date: 15-Jun-2015
- Jang JChoi WKim NLee CKim TPark CSuh S(2010)Formation of aluminum tunnel pits arrayed using SU-8 masks with UV-assisted thermal imprint lithographyMicroelectronic Engineering10.1016/j.mee.2010.07.02587:12(2610-2613)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2010
- Fabrication of low-cost mold and nanoimprint lithography using polystyrene nanosphere
Recommendations
Fabrication of three-dimensional nanoimprint mold using inorganic resist in low accelerating voltage electron beam lithography
Pages 912 - 915Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) resolution of inorganic resist pattern, which was exposed with control of acceleration voltage electron beam lithography (CAV-EBL) in low accelerating voltage was examined. The system can make features with varying developed-depths. Three-dimensional pattern with a few hundred nanometer linewidth was fabricated with a CAV-EBL. The pattern depths on inorganic resist were gradated with 5nm depth-resolution per 30V. By controlling the pattern depth, a seven stairs blade-shaped binary optics mold was fabricated, and then a replica pattern of the mold was made by using UV-NIL.References
[1]Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R. and Renstrom, P.J., . Appl. Phys. Lett. v67. 3114[2]Ishii, K. and Matuda, T., . Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. v31. 744[3]Olkhovets, A. and Craighead, H.G., . J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. v17. 1366[4]Taniguchi, J., Iida, M., Miyazawa, T., Miyamoto, I. and Shinoda, K., . Appl. Surf. Sci. v238. 324Cited By
View all- Lv SSong ZFeng S(2018)Fabrication of arrays of line with nanoscale width and large length by electron beam lithography with high-precision stageMicroelectronics Journal10.1016/j.mejo.2008.01.08039:9(1126-1129)Online publication date: 26-Dec-2018
- Finn AHensel RHagemann FKirchner RJahn AFischer W(2012)Geometrical properties of multilayer nano-imprint-lithography molds for optical applicationsMicroelectronic Engineering10.5555/2749481.274969198:C(284-287)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2012
- Petruškevičius RBaltrusaitis JKezys DMikolajnas MGrigalinas VVironis D(2010)E-beam lithography of computer generated holograms using a fully vectorial 3D beam propagation methodMicroelectronic Engineering10.1016/j.mee.2010.04.00187:11(2332-2337)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2010
Index Terms
- Fabrication of three-dimensional nanoimprint mold using inorganic resist in low accelerating voltage electron beam lithography
Recommendations
Fabrication of low-cost mold and nanoimprint lithography using polystyrene nanosphere
Monday, November 3, 2025
Illustration of AI driven automation of online meetings into detailed notes or overviews for asynchronous consumption and archival
AI driven human edited meeting Notes with health-quant team and https://pajr.in/ on 8/9/25, 10:00AM:
Meeting Overview:
Ecskin health-quant team: Skin irritation from the glucose monitoring device shows minimal impact, with 8-subject study indicating aloe vera's effectiveness, though long-term use may pose risks.
Phase two strategy favors a DIY approach by training school children to apply the paste; ethical clearance from review boards is essential before advancing to human trials.
Sensor development is nearing completion; decision required on whether to proceed with partial clinical validation or await full prototype.
Clinical trials will commence with blood sugar monitoring; cortisol measurement will follow once the full prototype is ready.
PaJR team rep: highlighted that mainstream validation requires 500+ participants, suggesting initial pilot studies with 30 samples for feasibility assessment.
Resource allocation should start conservatively with 1-2 dedicated personnel to gather initial data and build from day-to-day experiences.
Ethical clearance process must prioritize human trials with diabetic patients, as animal trials do not correlate as effectively for this device.
PaJR team rep said their current user driven patient monitoring system integrates energy inputs and outputs, enhancing data for device validation.
Health-Quant Team consists of 5 members, including 3 PhD students aiming for academic roles; resource constraints limit potential collaboration visits.
Plans to establish connections with health informatics professionals in Taiwan to explore local networking opportunities for project support using PaJR team rep's network there.
Publicly available full text around the tech:
- [7:56 am, 12/09/2025] cm: AI driven human edited meeting Notes with health-quant team and https://pajr.in/ on 8/9/25, 10:00AM:Meeting Overview:Ecskin health-quant team: Skin irritation from the glucose monitoring device shows minimal impact, with 8-subject study indicating aloe vera's effectiveness, though long-term use may pose risks.Phase two strategy favors a DIY approach by training school children to apply the paste; ethical clearance from review boards is essential before advancing to human trials.Sensor development is nearing completion; decision required on whether to proceed with partial clinical validation or await full prototype.Clinical trials will commence with blood sugar monitoring; cortisol measurement will follow once the full prototype is ready.PaJR team rep: highlighted that mainstream validation requires 500+ participants, suggesting initial pilot studies with 30 samples for feasibility assessment.Resource allocation should start conservatively with 1-2 dedicated personnel to gather initial data and build from day-to-day experiences.Ethical clearance process must prioritize human trials with diabetic patients, as animal trials do not correlate as effectively for this device.PaJR team rep said their current user driven patient monitoring system integrates energy inputs and outputs, enhancing data for device validation.Health-Quant Team consists of 5 members, including 3 PhD students aiming for academic roles; resource constraints limit potential collaboration visits.Plans to establish connections with health informatics professionals in Taiwan to explore local networking opportunities for project support using PaJR team rep's network there.[7:58 am, 12/09/2025] cm: Taiwan contact experiences from August 2015[6:48 pm, 12/09/2025] hu2: Thank You!! Sir...I'll reach out to Prof. Hsu, for a meet next week..[9:01 am, 14/09/2025] cm: Would any of you be interested in this webinar? I guess it's a generic email sent to many👇From: Pierre-Alexandre Fournier <fournier@carretechnologies.com>Date: Sun, 14 Sept 2025, 08:52Subject: Hexoskin/Astroskin webinar invitation - Sept 17thTo: <rakesh7biswas@gmail.com>I recently contacted you about your research, and I thought you might be interested in a live webinar we're organizing this Wednesday 9/17.My team will go over the whole sensor and software platform for clinical research and do a live demo.You can share this invite with your colleagues:Warm regards,Pierre-Alexandre--Pierre-Alexandre FournierCo-founder/CEO - HexoskinMobile: +1 480-577-2341General: +1 888-887-20445800, rue Saint-Denis, suite 601, Montréal (Québec) H2S 3L5Hexoskin OneView: Clinical Research SoftwareClinical Research: 300+ Scientific Publications with HexoskinAstroskin Wearable System: Innovative Medical Research in Space and on Earth.
- [9:24 am, 24/09/2025] cm: "The challenge was significant — crafting a microcontroller that could precisely direct electrical currents to four electrodes in a tiny electrochemical cell. The hardest part was setting up the cell design and the custom electronics for small-scale reactions.The immediate next step is to develop a user-friendly electrosynthesis instrument and cell specifically designed for performing AEE at both laboratory and industrial scales. One of the key challenges in electrosynthesis is the need to assemble the reaction cell and electrodes before each experiment, which can be time-consuming and inconsistent… With AEE, having a dedicated, plug-and-play setup would significantly lower the entry barrier."[8:45 am, 27/09/2025] cm: Similar work as in this group?👇@hu2 @hu3 @hu4 do you know these guys from Ghaziabad?[8:59 am, 27/09/2025] cm: Today's discussion in the nasscom group where this group's prior work was shared as a publicly open access link:[26/09, 13:18] hu1: Seeking expert advise:I am exploring starting something to build foundational health for people who are facing the midlife slump - this is typically the peri menopause / menopause time for most women (and may be andro pause for men)Wanted to get expert opinions on my business thesis from drs of functional med / endocrinologists / gyns - please DM me if you are willing to chat for 30 min or so...Also would love to talk to others who are building in a similar space and exchange notes[26/09, 13:30]hu2: I am an endocrinologist. While the problem you’ve identified is indeed important, what I’d like to understand is the concrete solution you are proposing—one that is both sustainable and capable of being developed into a solid, evidence-based business[26/09, 15:29] hu3: How useful are these continuous monitoring solutions? I know they can’t yet track every molecule. For example, i was reading about this device which can predict hot flashes based on sensing the sweat composition. (Or was it just the volume of sweat?)[26/09, 15:44] hu2: The only one validated and used in practice is a continous glucose monitorWe have other wearables which monitor clinical parameters but continuous monitoring of other hormones is neither clinical validated nor in use at present[27/09, 08:50] hu4: Yes it's at an early prototype stage being built by a team from IIT Kanpur who have currently demonstrated their novel fabrication approach for realizing epidermal electrochemical sensors that can detect two vital biomarkers in sweat: glucose and cortisol.It awaits a mechanism for getting into a human trial deployment phase[9:01 am, 27/09/2025] hu5: Did anyone attend this?[9:46 am, 27/09/2025] cm: @hu6 is currently in Calgary where @hu2 wrote the above linked paper![10:23 am, 27/09/2025] hu6: Which one sir?[10:23 am, 27/09/2025] hu6: Oh the group image?[10:23 am, 27/09/2025] cm: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642232[10:24 am, 27/09/2025] cm: Publicly accessible PDF shared earlier[10:30 am, 27/09/2025] hu7: Is a prototype of the sensor ready?[10:31 am, 27/09/2025] cm: Prototype appears to be ready for trial
- [10:31 am, 27/09/2025] cm: AI driven human edited meeting Notes with health-quant team and https://pajr.in/ on 8/9/25, 10:00AM:Meeting Overview:Ecskin health-quant team: Skin irritation from the glucose monitoring device shows minimal impact, with 8-subject study indicating aloe vera's effectiveness, though long-term use may pose risks.Phase two strategy favors a DIY approach by training school children to apply the paste; ethical clearance from review boards is essential before advancing to human trials.Sensor development is nearing completion; decision required on whether to proceed with partial clinical validation or await full prototype.Clinical trials will commence with blood sugar monitoring; cortisol measurement will follow once the full prototype is ready.PaJR team rep: highlighted that mainstream validation requires 500+ participants, suggesting initial pilot studies with 30 samples for feasibility assessment.Resource allocation should start conservatively with 1-2 dedicated personnel to gather initial data and build from day-to-day experiences.Ethical clearance process must prioritize human trials with diabetic patients, as animal trials do not correlate as effectively for this device.PaJR team rep said their current user driven patient monitoring system integrates energy inputs and outputs, enhancing data for device validation.Health-Quant Team consists of 5 members, including 3 PhD students aiming for academic roles; resource constraints limit potential collaboration visits.Plans to establish connections with health informatics professionals in Taiwan to explore local networking opportunities for project support using PaJR team rep's network there.[10:42 am, 27/09/2025] hu7: That's great.[11:41 am, 27/09/2025] hu2: @cm SirNo, Sir, I don't know the authors of this publication. However, after reading, it seems like a really well-written review paper. They've certainly gone in-depth with their analysis.[12:01 pm, 27/09/2025] hu2: Thank you sir, For help us out...!!! It's really interesting to see the discussion around continuous monitoring solutions.Would it be possible if we could meet with some panelist from the Nasscom Group?[12:02 pm, 27/09/2025] hu2: Hello @hu6 Nice to meet you![12:12 pm, 27/09/2025] hu2: A part of the whole device system is ready, which is our main sensor, we also have performed a small scale pilot study with 9-participants to showcase the usability, and accuracy of the device that we're building.[12:15 pm, 27/09/2025] hu7: Great to know. If possible, please increase the pilot sample size to atleast 15-20 (30 would be ideal). Also IEC clearance would be needed I guess. @cm sir can guide further.[12:58 pm, 27/09/2025] cm: Will pm you the number of the nasscom group moderator[1:07 pm, 27/09/2025] hu6: Hello hu2 Nice to meet you as well!
- [12:10 pm, 02/10/2025] hu8: EC Sensors for urea in sweat to monitor kidney function?[9:55 am, 03/10/2025] cm: Great idea!@Meta AI has anyone else used "EC Sensors for urea in sweat to monitor kidney function?"[9:55 am, 03/10/2025] Meta AI: Yes, researchers have explored electrochemical (EC) sensors for urea detection in sweat to monitor kidney function. The KERMIT project uses sweat-based urea sensing for CKD monitoring.¹[9:56 am, 03/10/2025] cm: @Meta AI what is the workflow of the Kermit project you mentioned and what is the evidence of the efficacy of their intervention?[9:56 am, 03/10/2025] Meta AI: The KERMIT project workflow involves collecting sweat, detecting urea levels via electrochemical sensors, and correlating this data with kidney function metrics. Evidence of efficacy includes pilot studies showing accurate urea concentration measurements aligning with clinical biomarkers, but large-scale validation is limited.¹ ²[10:46 am, 09/10/2025] cm: Recurrent problem of jail breaking the indian research implementation space?👇[09/10, 10:01]hu1: Have you tried this for your patient with T1D? Is it a viable option?[09/10, 10:43]hu2: They have given an advertorial disclaimer:"ADVERTORIAL DISCLAIMER: The above press release has been provided by PNN. ANI will not be responsible in any way for the content of the same)"It's part of an unfortunate trend these days of quick innovation prototypes seeking shortcuts without getting into the phase 3 trial space by jumping into the market through newspaper ads?[8:49 pm, 18/11/2025] cm: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10045998/[9:13 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: Stanford AI+Health conference 2025[9:15 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: Hello everyone!Apologies for late following up on messages posted above. Since the prototype is near-ready, there is this grant available for us to proceed for further trials. Both me and hu9 can apply to this being UGs.The Metropolis MedEngage 2.0 Scholarship & Research Grant is now open for applications. If you are an MBBS student, medical intern, research scholar, or pursuing post-graduation (MD/MS/DNB), visit our website now to know more and submit your application before it’s too late.Check your eligibility and apply before 31st December, 2025, to take the next step in your medical journey.Visit our Website to apply- www.med-engage.com[9:17 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: @hu2 and for other developers of this sensor, I believe, this can be presented in this virtual Stanford conference.. under AI demo category which has no fees for the presenter registration
- [9:18 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: Although the deadline is in next 3 hrs, not a bad opportunity to pull through 😊[9:19 am, 19/11/2025] cm: @hu6 what was your experience during your previous application for this Stanford conference?[9:23 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: I’ve received the contact of the principal moderator of this grant if we wish to proceed.A rough potential idea for this project could be as follows:1. A multicentric study (or two-center study: one at MGM (my college) and one at KIMS, Hyderabad using the sensor to monitor glucose and cortisol levels ( will increase the sample size)2. longitudinal remote monitoring via enrolling participants in PaJR. Both me and Braahmani can follow up with participants utilizing the glucose sensor)[9:23 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: +1[9:23 am, 19/11/2025] hu6: SirI think I didn’t apply for this conference before. But it might be worth submitting here! I did apply for a standford Patient X scholarship which was denied long back![9:30 am, 19/11/2025] cm: Any other occasions you applied for any other Stanford conference?[9:31 am, 19/11/2025] cm: I’ve received the contact of the principal moderator of this grant if we wish to proceed.A rough potential idea for this project could be as follows:1. A multicentric study (or two-center study: one at MGM (my college) and one at KIMS, Hyderabad using the sensor to monitor glucose and cortisol levels (will increase the sample size)2. longitudinal remote monitoring via enrolling participants in PaJR. Both me and hu9 can follow up with participants utilizing the glucose sensor)[9:32 am, 19/11/2025] cm: Over to @hu2 and @hu3 for their inputs on how to make the device accessible along with training on how to make it workable.Any experience with similar wearables @hu10@hu8?[9:36 am, 19/11/2025] hu6: I think I applied for the patient conference for Patient X position![10:43 am, 19/11/2025] 42MPA: Hi Sir! Yes, did worked on a project where real time therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin was done using lab patch.[10:44 am, 19/11/2025] cm: @hu5 discuss with hu10 who's a clinician based in US[10:49 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: Hello ma’am !!Would love to know your inputs upon current discussion and any possible collaboration for applying for this grant scholarship :Since the prototype is near-ready, there is this grant available for us to proceed for further trials. Both me and hu9 can apply to this being UGs.The Metropolis MedEngage 2.0 Scholarship & Research Grant is now open for applications. If you are an MBBS student, medical intern, research scholar, or pursuing post-graduation (MD/MS/DNB), visit our website now to know more and submit your application before it’s too late.Check your eligibility and apply before 31st December, 2025, to take the next step in your medical journey.Visit our Website to apply- www.med-engage.com
- [10:55 am, 19/11/2025] hu10: I may have missed earlier messages, but happy to help however possible. Please feel free to dm me as well and we can discuss.[11:16 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: Sure ma’am, I’ll share the previous messages[11:17 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: Today's discussion in the nasscom group where this group's prior work was shared as a publicly open access link:[26/09, 13:18] hu1: Seeking expert advise:I am exploring starting something to build foundational health for people who are facing the midlife slump - this is typically the peri menopause / menopause time for most women (and may be andro pause for men)Wanted to get expert opinions on my business thesis from drs of functional med / endocrinologists / gyns - please DM me if you are willing to chat for 30 min or so...Also would love to talk to others who are building in a similar space and exchange notes[26/09, 13:30]hu2: I am an endocrinologist. While the problem you’ve identified is indeed important, what I’d like to understand is the concrete solution you are proposing—one that is both sustainable and capable of being developed into a solid, evidence-based business[26/09, 15:29] hu3: How useful are these continuous monitoring solutions? I know they can’t yet track every molecule. For example, i was reading about this device which can predict hot flashes based on sensing the sweat composition. (Or was it just the volume of sweat?)[26/09, 15:44] hu2: The only one validated and used in practice is a continous glucose monitorWe have other wearables which monitor clinical parameters but continuous monitoring of other hormones is neither clinical validated nor in use at present[27/09, 08:50] hu4: Yes it's at an early prototype stage being built by a team from IIT Kanpur who have currently demonstrated their novel fabrication approach for realizing epidermal electrochemical sensors that can detect two vital biomarkers in sweat: glucose and cortisol.It awaits a mechanism for getting into a human trial deployment phase[11:17 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: AI driven human edited meeting Notes with health-quant team and https://pajr.in/ on 8/9/25, 10:00AM:Meeting Overview:Ecskin health-quant team: Skin irritation from the glucose monitoring device shows minimal impact, with 8-subject study indicating aloe vera's effectiveness, though long-term use may pose risks.Phase two strategy favors a DIY approach by training school children to apply the paste; ethical clearance from review boards is essential before advancing to human trials.Sensor development is nearing completion; decision required on whether to proceed with partial clinical validation or await full prototype.Clinical trials will commence with blood sugar monitoring; cortisol measurement will follow once the full prototype is ready.PaJR team rep: highlighted that mainstream validation requires 500+ participants, suggesting initial pilot studies with 30 samples for feasibility assessment.Resource allocation should start conservatively with 1-2 dedicated personnel to gather initial data and build from day-to-day experiences.Ethical clearance process must prioritize human trials with diabetic patients, as animal trials do not correlate as effectively for this device.PaJR team rep said their current user driven patient monitoring system integrates energy inputs and outputs, enhancing data for device validation.Health-Quant Team consists of 5 members, including 3 PhD students aiming for academic roles; resource constraints limit potential collaboration visits.Plans to establish connections with health informatics professionals in Taiwan to explore local networking opportunities for project support using PaJR team rep's network there.[11:17 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: Taiwan contact experiences from August 2015
- [11:17 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: AI driven human edited meeting Notes with health-quant team and https://pajr.in/ on 8/9/25, 10:00AM:Meeting Overview:Ecskin health-quant team: Skin irritation from the glucose monitoring device shows minimal impact, with 8-subject study indicating aloe vera's effectiveness, though long-term use may pose risks.Phase two strategy favors a DIY approach by training school children to apply the paste; ethical clearance from review boards is essential before advancing to human trials.Sensor development is nearing completion; decision required on whether to proceed with partial clinical validation or await full prototype.Clinical trials will commence with blood sugar monitoring; cortisol measurement will follow once the full prototype is ready.PaJR team rep: highlighted that mainstream validation requires 500+ participants, suggesting initial pilot studies with 30 samples for feasibility assessment.Resource allocation should start conservatively with 1-2 dedicated personnel to gather initial data and build from day-to-day experiences.Ethical clearance process must prioritize human trials with diabetic patients, as animal trials do not correlate as effectively for this device.PaJR team rep said their current user driven patient monitoring system integrates energy inputs and outputs, enhancing data for device validation.Health-Quant Team consists of 5 members, including 3 PhD students aiming for academic roles; resource constraints limit potential collaboration visits.Plans to establish connections with health informatics professionals in Taiwan to explore local networking opportunities for project support using PaJR team rep's network there.[11:17 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: A part of the whole device system is ready, which is our main sensor, we also have performed a small scale pilot study with 9-participants to showcase the usability, and accuracy of the device that we're building.[11:17 am, 19/11/2025] hu5: Great to know. If possible, please increase the pilot sample size to atleast 15-20 (30 would be ideal). Also IEC clearance would be needed I guess. @Rakesh Biswas Sir sir can guide further.[10:17 pm, 19/11/2025] hu10: Thanks for sharing these, Mansi! I will go through the articles tonight. But few quick questions - Are you just looking at the monitoring space or monitoring and drug delivery? I know that there are smart patches that does both like for glucose. How do you plan to differentiate in terms of cost and efficacy or patient/provider experience? And is there a particular problem you are tackling with the continuous monitoring?[10:19 am, 20/11/2025] hu5: Directing these questions to @cm Sir as he knows more about the IIT Kanpur project’s aim and objectives.[10:29 am, 20/11/2025] cm: Yes let's say just continuous monitoring of blood glucose to optimise clinical complexities as exemplified in this toddler here: https://pajrcasereporter.blogspot.com/2025/02/3-years-old-child-type-1diabetes.html?m=1As well as octagenerian here: https://pajrcasereporter.blogspot.com/2025/11/80f-cgm-diabetes-hypertension.html?m=1[12:02 pm, 20/11/2025] hu10: First article is in Bengali (unable to understand language) but based on second article, correct me - we have tested CGM sensor that sends data and even alerts physician (integrated with their smartphone/other device) when there is hyper/hypoglycemia in the patient?Few inputs on tackling - How to make the device accessible along with training on how to make it workable?Multiple companies are working on getting integrated approach and doing innovation in diabetes. So I would suggest to navigate through these -- How many times would sensors need to be replaced or are those disposable and what is their life span? If disposable, how much cost savings would that be for the patient vs doing finger stick test? Accordingly we can start figure out accessibility - to a particular population (based on willingness to pay) and then scaling.- Check for integration with the smartphone to collect data and even send alerts. And, better if they are compatible with insulin pumps or smart insulin pens.- Connect with major distribution networks and diabetic care organizations to build awareness.- Even find manufacturers who can build your sensors in low cost to reduce your device cost to make it accessible and affordable.Check This Medtronic Tech - https://beyondtype1.org/simplera-sync-sensor-now-fda-approved-for-use-with-minimed-780g/And have you read this document on drug delivery (future scope of integration), Thought might be useful -Hope this helps @hu5 @cm Sir
- [12:44 pm, 20/11/2025] cm: 👏👏[12:46 pm, 20/11/2025] cm: Yes most of our records are pan India and multilingual.Here's one from a patient from MP in Hindi: https://medicinedepartment.blogspot.com/2024/12/diabetes-dependent-variable-glucose-and_25.html?m=1[3:04 pm, 20/11/2025] hu8: I guess, utility and validation on the clinical utility (intended use), disease management workflow integration and enhancement or process parameters (artifact handling) and most of all (ie if you want to induct it into the mainstream formal clinical system, the economic, human factors engineering and capture aspects that are prognostic/predictive and quality of life. This would be the EU MDD/USFDA route for a non predicate device.
No comments:
Post a Comment