Sunday, June 29, 2025

60M DM2 Hypertension 9 years WB PaJR


 THIS IS AN ONLINE E LOG BOOK TO DISCUSS OUR PATIENT'S DE-IDENTIFIED HEALTH DATA SHARED AFTER TAKING HIS SIGNED INFORMED CONSENT. HERE WE DISCUSS OUR PATIENT'S PROBLEMS THROUGH SERIES OF INPUTS FROM AVAILABALE GLOBAL ONLINE COMMUNITY EXPERTS WITH AN AIM TO SOLVE THOSE CLINICAL PROBLEMS WITH COLLECTIVE CURRENT BEST EVIDENCE BASED INPUTS.

A 60yr old male aiming to making lifestyle changes rather than take medicine.

July 26, 2022
PATIENT HISTORY:  Patient is 60 yr old male who is a government employee by profession, currently posted in the treasury department. Patient was born as a premature baby (8 months). But no issue because of that. When in class 3, age 9 yrs, he suffered from typhoid fever for 10-12 days. Recovery with medicine. Felt weak for a month or so.
When in class 6-7 during the summer holidays, was hit by a ball in the head while playing and experienced severe bleeding from the nose. Later on, experienced bleeding from the nose while ideally sitting at home or in class. His father told that he had some problems and took him to a doctor who diagnosed it to be nasal polyp and prescribed medications and injections. Complete recovery within a few months. 
In 1976, when in class 10, suffered from bacillary dysentery (loose stool, with foul smell and blood, 60-65/day, for 4-5 days), extreme weakness, vomiting, and abdomen pain doctor prescribed medicine. Complete recovery within a few weeks.
In 1980, suffered from chickenpox. Had a few episodes of conjunctivitis. The last episode was in 1994. In 2000, while going to work via bus, the bus fell into a pothole. Got a blow in his head. On the next day while attending a funeral felt as if some particle had entered his right eye. The next day while doing office work, suddenly experienced a complete blackout of right eye vision. Went to Chennai to treat his right eye. Doctor told him that his left eye may suffer from the same problem. Normal Sx for right eye and laser Sx for left eye done. Complete restoration of vision. Using glasses now.
In 2010, went to Bhopal for a health checkup. HTN was detected. Doctor prescribed no medicine but recommended lifestyle modification. HTN in control since then.
In 2012 Aug., while accompanying a patient to Hyderabad felt severe pain in the upper right quadrant of his abdomen assumed it to be because of overeating during his train journey. The pain got reduced with medications. In Oct. one day while returning from fishing he experienced unbearable pain in his upper right quadrant of abdomen. Was taken to doctor who recommended a USG. Diagnosis of gallstone was made. After staying on medication (because the surgeon was not available) for 2 months Sx was done.  6-7 months later he started experiencing bloating, abdominal pain with a sudden urge to rush to the washroom for defaecation (loose stool, sometimes with mucus), which was diagnosed as IBS. He took homeopathic treatment which reduced the symptoms to a certain extent. Later, he was treated with allopathic medications. Now, once or twice in a month symptoms reappear, and he takes medicine that time only.
In 2016, he started experiencing left shoulder pain, accompanied a patient to Hyderabad. Diagnosed as frozen shoulder. HbA1c - 6.5%. Doctor recommended exercises and lifestyle changes (stopped sugar, white flour completely, 50% vegetables, 25% rice/roti, rest 25% protein). During his short visit to Hyderabad he reported itching sensation and redness in groin region. Symptoms reduced with Terbinafine ointment within 2 days. Same itchiness occurs for 2-3 times /yr and goes away with the ointment.
Pt. started smoking in 1980 1-2/day due to peer pressure, later 5-6/day. During the lockdown, he was posted in the control room duty where he had to stay alone and work day and night. To battle loneliness and work stress, he started smoking a lot (2packs/day). Presently, 16 cigarettes/day.
Till 1998, he used to work as an executive in printing technology. There, office colleagues and clients used to bring alc. as gifts. He started drinking alcohol occasionally since 1987 (120ml once in 6 months or when friends meet together) while working there. 
CURRENT CHIEF PROBLEMS AND PATIENT'S REQ.: 2 months ago started experiencing a sudden attack of tenderness and swelling in the right knee and left big toe joint. Pain and swelling lasted for 2 days. Then reduced significantly on its own. At that time in his office, a free health checkup camp was going on. He consulted an orthopedic about this incident, who recommended tests and made a preliminary diagnosis of gout. His uric acid lvl. was 9mg/dl. He was prescribed medicine but has not taken it yet. Says, will take it if there is another episode of pain. Also, he was 93kg at that moment, so told by doctor to reduce his weight.
Since his retirement is nearing a bit stressed out about where to look for a job after retirement.
Pt. is mentally very strong and more inclined to make lifestyle changes rather than take medicine. Claims to be totally fit with no health issues as such.
FAMILY HISTORY: Father was mentally very strong and did not like to express any health issues. Because of feeling weak, a family member forced him to visit a doctor Blood test revealed low Hb. Because of his stubbornness not to visit Dr. myelodysplastic was diagnosed at a terminal stage. Died at the age of 86 in 2007. He also in his childhood suffered from nasal polyposis.
Mother diagnosed with rectal cancer (bleeding pr while defaecation). Died at the age of 76 for the same.

25F Signet Ring Cell CA Rectum WB PaJR

 


THIS IS AN ONLINE E LOG BOOK TO DISCUSS OUR PATIENT'S DE-IDENTIFIED HEALTH DATA SHARED AFTER TAKING HER SIGNED INFORMED CONSENT. HERE WE DISCUSS OUR PATIENT'S PROBLEMS THROUGH SERIES OF INPUTS FROM AVAILABLE GLOBAL ONLINE COMMUNITY EXPERTS WITH AN AIM TO SOLVE THOSE PATIENT'S CLINICAL PROBLEMS WITH COLLECTIVE CURRENT BEST EVIDENCE BASED INPUTS.

25 YR OLD WITH C/O BLOOD IN STOOL AND PAINFUL DEFAECATION 
JULY 08, 2022

PATIENT HISTORY: Patient is a 25 yr old lady, student, works as a private tutor. At the age of 18, she had an episode of allergic rash on her face (4-5 itchy red bumps). Lasted for 1 month. The dermatologist gave her medicine and told her to avoid eggs, hilsa fish, and prawns for the time being. Complete recovery. No recurrence. For the last 4 months avoiding these foods on own accord.

When in college she used to eat spicy street food very often, but each time used to have gastric problems (burping, abd. pain, bloating) because of it. Pain used to go away on taking Aciloc.

4 months ago, 2 days before a marriage occasion in her home she noticed blood coming out mixed with stool. The stool was of normal consistency, but light yellow with mucus and blood and excruciating pain while passing stool. Dr. prescribed medicine that did not work. The patient used to pass stool 7-10 times. Blood used to come out 2-3 times mixed with stool and stool sometimes very hard to pass, while sometimes of normal consistency and normal brown color. She tried homeopathy which also failed. Again visited Dr. who told her that maybe it's an infection, told her not to eat spicy food, and gave medicines accordingly. But after taking the medicine her stool became very hard and painful to pass and frequent blood used to come out. So, stopped medicine on her own after 2 days. A second Dr. recommended her USG (an incidental finding of stone measuring 3.5 mm in rt. kidney; patient in no pain/discomfort because of it), colonoscopy (ulcerated lesion detected 5cm from anal verge), biopsy (low grade dysplasia). Dr. prescribed Zanocin oz (taking for the past 1.5 months), Rifagut (taking for past 20 days; to reduce stool freq.).

Saturday, June 28, 2025

28M Abdominal Migraine 1 month, Headache 2 yrs, Piles, Past Bronchial Asthma WB PaJR


 07-07-2024

THIS IS AN ONLINE E LOG BOOK TO DISCUSS OUR PATIENT'S DE-IDENTIFIED HEALTH DATA SHARED AFTER TAKING HIS SIGNED INFORMED CONSENT. HERE WE DISCUSS OUR PATIENT'S PROBLEMS THROUGH SERIES OF INPUTS FROM AVAILABLE GLOBAL ONLINE COMMUNITY OF EXPERTS WITH AN AIM TO SOLVE THOSE PATIENT'S CLINICAL PROBLEMS WITH COLLECTIVE CURRENT BEST EVIDENCE BASED INPUTS.

Our patient is a 28yr old male who is suffering from abdominal pain and could not eat anything since 15days. Solid food is causing pain and also had jaundice and feels uncomfortable with direct sunlight.
His stool was so hard that he had blood tinged stools. He wa becoming weak day by day and had no interest or taste of food.
From his case history we found that 5 yrs ago he had difficulty in breathing and was administered oxygen in the hospital and was almost normal.
After this he had the problem of headache which continued till now alongwith his abdominal pain.
The patient has the addiction of Khoini (dry tobacco leaves) and also the habit of betel leaves and nuts.
The PHR Patient journey record PaJR transcripts below reflect the therapeutic uncertainities around the patient and their resolution through team based learning.
রোগীর বয়স ২৮ বছর। 
পুরুষ। 
পেটের সমস্যা, ১০-১৫ দিন ধরে কিছু খেতে পারছে না, শক্ত কিছু খেলে ব্যথা শুরু হয়, জন্ডিস আছে, রোদে গেলেই অস্বস্তি হয় চোখে অন্ধকার দেখে । পায়খানা প্রচন্ড শক্ত হয়ে গেছে ফলের পায়খানা করতে রক্ত আসে দিনে দিনে দুর্বল হয়ে যাচ্ছে যাচ্ছে খাবার রুচি নাই।
রোগী ইতিহাস পাওয়া যাচ্ছে তাতে দেখা যাচ্ছে পাঁচ বছর আগে ওর শ্বশুর বাড়িতে হঠাৎ প্রচন্ড শ্বাসকষ্ট শুরু হয় তারপর অক্সিজেন দেওয়ার পর হসপিটালে মোটামুটি সুস্থ হয়।  তার কিছুদিন বাদে থেকেই মাঝে মাঝে মাথা ব্যথা শুরু হয় যেটা এখনো চলছে। এরপরই দেখা দেয় পেটের সমস্যা। 
নেশা বলতে সামান্য খৈনি মাঝে মাঝে পান-শুপুরি খাওয়ার অভ্যাস আছে।
01/07/2024, 09:22 - Meta AI: Thank you for sharing this information. It appears to be a medical history of a 28-year-old male patient in Bengali. I'll try to summarize the key points:
- The patient has been experiencing abdominal problems for 10-15 days, with difficulty eating and pain after consuming solid food.
- He has jaundice, and his stool is very hard, leading to rectal bleeding.
- He has a history of sudden severe respiratory distress five years ago, which improved with oxygen therapy.
- He has been experiencing intermittent headaches since then, which are still ongoing.
- He occasionally consumes small amounts of tobacco and pan-shupuri (a type of betel leaf).

34M Imbalance 1 year WB PaJR

 


THIS IS AN ONLINE E LOG BOOK TO DISCUSS OUR PATIENT'S DE-IDENTIFIED HEALTH DATA SHARED AFTER TAKING HIS SIGNED INFORMED CONSENT. HERE WE DISCUSS OUR PATIENT'S PROBLEMS THROUGH SERIES OF INPUTS FROM AVAILABLE GLOBAL ONLINE COMMUNITY EXPERTS WITH AN AIM TO SOLVE THOSE PATIENT'S CLINICAL PROBLEMS WITH COLLECTIVE CURRENT BEST EVIDENCE BASED INPUTS.

[27-06-2025 13.16] PPM 1: Second long distance 34M patient under @PPM3 @PPM4
Worked as mason specialized in creating iron frameworks of homes that functions as a cast for pouring cement in Kerala for 9 years but is currently without a job and living again in his hometown 2500 kms from Kerala because of feeling unwell where he feels like when he's cycling he's flying and when he's walking he's swimming and in general admits to a lack of balance.
On examination CNS normal
@PPM3 please get a psy opinion. @PPM6 can you give us an appointment for a convenient time when the patient advocate can call you?
[27-06-2025 13:23] PPM 6: Yes Sir, @PPM3 can get in contact with me at 6.30 pm today
[27-06-2025 15:10] PPM 1: @PPM7 it appears that @PPM3 has transferred the patient under your care. Please send him to psy ASAP now
[27-06-2025 15:32] PPM 7: Ok sir
[27-06-2025 20:12] PPM 1: Thanks
I guess they missed today
Will make his PaJR group and coordinate with the patient advocate.
[27-06-2025 20.17] PPM 1: @PA please get the telephone appointment from @PPM6
[30-06-2025 10.48] PPM 7: 


EMR SUMMARY

Age/Gender: 34 Years/Male
Address:
Discharge Type: Relieved
Admission Date: 26/06/2025 10:04 PM
Name of Treating Faculty
(AP), (SR)
Diagnosis
ANXIETY NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
Case History and Clinical Findings
CC:C/O HEADACHE SINCE 3MONTHS
HOPI
PATIENT WAS APPARENTLY ASSYMPTOMATIC 3MONTHS AGO THEN DEVELOPED
HEADACHE ON AND OFF IN LEFT PARIETAL REGION PRICKING TYPE NO PRECIPITATING
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH GIDDINESSNOT ASSOCIATED WITH NAUSEA, VOMITING
H/O INADEQUATE SLEEP (DIFFICULTY FALLING ASLEEP) SINCE 3 MONTHS 3-4 HOURS OF
SLEEP/DAY NO DAYTIME SLEEP
H/O GIDDINESS WHILE GETTING DOWN FROM BIKE, WHILE WALKING
H/O RECENT FALL FROM BIKE 2MONTHS BACK
H/O STRESS FACTORS PRESENT
H/O PALPITATIONS PRESENT
NO H/O HEAD TRAUMA,
NO H/O BLURRING OF VISION, DROWSINESS ON GEETTING UP FROM BED
NO H/O CHESTPAIN, SHORTNESS OF BREATH, ORTHOPNEA, PND.
NO H/O OLIGURIA, NOCTURIA, POLYURIA.
PAST ILLNESS: N/K/C/O DM-II, HTN, TB, ASTHMA, THYROID, CVA, CAD
PERSONAL HISTORY: MARRIED, FAEMER BY OCCUPATION, MIXED DIET, APPETITE
NORMAL, REGULAR BOWEL MOVEMENTS, MICTURITION NORMAL, NO KNOWN ALERGIES
ADDICTIONS ALCOHOL OCCASIONAL STOPPED 3 MONTHS AGO, SMOKING ALSO STOPPED
3 MONTHS AGO
KIMS HOSPITALS
FAMILY HISTORY: NOT SIGNIFICANT
GENREAL EXAMINATION:
NO PALLOR, ICTERUS, CYANOSIS, CLUBBING, LYMPHADENOPATHY, MALNUTRITION
VITALS: - TEMP: 98.7F, BP: 110/70 MMHG, RR: 17CPM, PR: 79 BPM, SPO2: 98% AT RA
SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION: - CVS, RS, CNS, P/A : NORMAL
PSYCHIATRY REFRRAL WAS DONE ON 28/6/25
DIAGNOSED AS ANXIETY NOS AND TOBACCO HARMFUL USE
ADVICE:
Investigation
COMPLETE URINE EXAMINATION (CUE) COLOUR Pale yellow APPEARANCE Clear REACTION
Acidic SP.GRAVITY 1.010ALBUMIN Nil SUGAR Nil BILE SALTS Nil BILE PIGMENTS Nil PUS CELLS, 2-3EPITHELIAL CELLS 2-3RED BLOOD CELLS Nil CRYSTALS Nil CASTS Nil AMORPHOUS
DEPOSITS Absent OTHERS Nil
LIVER FUNCTION TEST (LFT)Total Bilurubin 1.35 mg/dl Direct Bilurubin 0.57 mg/dl SGOT(AST) 22
IU/L SGPT(ALT) 27 IU/L ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE 148 IU/L TOTAL PROTEINS 7.2 gm/dl
ALBUMIN 4.52 gm/dl A/G RATIO 1.69BLOOD UREA 23 mg/dl
SERUM CREATININE 0.9 mg/dl SERUM ELECTROLYTES (Na, K, C l) SODIUM 138 mmol/L
POTASSIUM 3.8 mmol/L CHLORIDE 102 mmol/L
Anti HCV Antibodies - RAPID Non ReactiveHBsAg-RAPID Negative
Treatment Given (Enter only Generic Name)
TAB PAROXETINE 12.5 MG PO/HS
TAB CLONAZEPAM 0.5 MG PO /HS
NICOTINE GUMS 2MG PO/SOS
Advice at Discharge
TAB PALOXETINE 12.5MG PO/OD + TAB CLONAZEPAM 0.5MG PO/OD CONTINUE FOR 1
MONTH AND THEN TAKE HALF TAB FOR ANOTHER 1 MONTH
NICOTINE GUMS 2MG PO/SOS
Follow Up
REVIEW TO PSYCHIATRY OPD AFTER 2 MONTHS/SOS
When to Obtain Urgent Care
IN CASE OF ANY EMERGENCY IMMEDIATELY CONTACT YOUR CONSULTANT DOCTOR OR
ATTEND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT.
Preventive Care
** Tentative Date Page-2
KIMS HOSPITALS
AVOID SELF MEDICATION WITHOUT DOCTORS ADVICE, DONOT MISS MEDICATIONS. In case
of Emergency or to speak to your treating FACULTY or For Appointments, Please Contact:
08682279999 For Treatment Enquiries Patient/Attendent Declaration: - The medicines prescribed
and the advice regarding preventive aspects of care, when and how to obtain urgent care have been
explained to me in my own language SIGNATURE OF PATIENT /ATTENDER SIGNATURE OF
PG/INTERNEE SIGNATURE OF ADMINISTRATOR SIGNATURE OF FACULTY
Discharge Date
Date: 2/7/25
Ward:MMW
Unit:1

Friday, June 27, 2025

39M With Low Backache 2yrs WB PaJR

 

27-06-2025

THIS IS AN ONLINE E LOG BOOK TO DISCUSS OUR PATIENT'S DE-IDENTIFIED HEALTH DATA SHARED AFTER TAKING HIS SIGNED INFORMED CONSENT. HERE WE DISCUSS OUR PATIENT'S PROBLEMS THROUGH SERIES OF INPUTS FROM AVAILABLE GLOBAL ONLINE COMMUNITY EXPERTS WITH AN AIM TO SOLVE THOSE PATIENT'S CLINICAL PROBLEMS WITH COLLECTIVE CURRENT BEST EVIDENCE BASED INPUTS.

[27-06-2025 15.49] PPM 1: 3rd long distance patient 39M 
One day 2 years back, he found all of a sudden a catch in his back while shifting a heavy machine in his ration shop.
Since then he is having severe whole body stiffness since early mornings everyday and has to rub his lower limb planter areas for half an hour before getting out of bed.
Also showed in AIG since last two months for throat and abdominal tightness diagnosed as globus in AIG 
He also complains of assymetric nail changes in his feet.


[27-06-2025 15.49] PPM 1: Evaluated by PPM3.
[30-06-2025 11.56] PPM 1: @PPM3 update on this patient?
We are reviewing him again in the OPD now.
What other test had we discussed on Saturday which you promised to do?
[30-06-2025 11:57] PPM 3: Sir MRI spine Venkat sir is not accepting sir
[30-06-2025 11:57] PPM 3: So we did not do MRI brain
[30-06-2025 11:57] PPM 3: We are more interested in the clinical findings
What is our localisation? Where are we expecting to find the lesion in MRI

[30-06-2025 11:59] PPM 3: Hemogram creatinine
[30-06-2025 12:00] PPM 1: Can you help us by examining his shoebers test here in OPD?
[30-06-2025 12:01] PPM 3: Ok sir I am coming
[30-06-2025 12:06] PPM 3: Sir patient went outside I will get him to ICU at 2 o clock sir
[30-06-2025 12:16] PPM 1: Patient is waiting with us in OPD!
[30-06-2025 12:23] PPM 3: Ok sir I am coming
[30-06-2025 13:07] PPM 1: Chest expansion is 3-4 cm and shoebers test is 19 cm suggesting objective evidence for reduced spinal flexibility due to ligamental fibrosis.
Chief complaint is inability to bend down and lift objects due to pain that aggravates while doing so
@PPM3 please share his deidentified x-rays and orthopedic notes and ask them to review the patient
[30-06-2025 13:07] PPM 3: Ok sir
[30-06-2025 17:03] PPM 1: Please share his x-rays and the Orthopedic note
[30-06-2025 17:06] PPM 3: Ok sir

[30-06-2025 17:41] PPM 3: Ortho refferal sir
[30-06-2025 17:41] PPM 3: Review ortho refferal.
[30-06-2025 21:37] PPM 1: Tell them they have come from 2000 kms away and can't come back in 3 weeks and they have taken all these pain killers since 2 years
[30-06-2025 21:37] PPM 3: Ok sir
[04-07-2025 08:30] PA: Aj chuti kariye dean sir
[04-07-2025 09:02] PPM 1: @PPM3 share the deidentified discharge EMR summary ASAP on text here
[04-07-2025 16:39] PPM 3: Ok sir


50M With Low Backache 4 years PIVD Nil FND WB PaJR

 

27-06-2025 

THIS IS AN ONLINE E LOG BOOK TO DISCUSS OUR PATIENT'S DE-IDENTIFIED HEALTH DATA SHARED AFTR TAKING HIS SIGNED INFORMED CONSENT. HERE WE DISCUSS OUR PATIENT'S PROBLEMS THROUGH SERIES OF INPUTS FROM AVAILABLE GLOBAL ONLINE COMMUNITY EXPERTS WITH AN AIM TO SOLVE THOSE PATIENT'S CLINICAL PROBLEMS WITH COLLECTIVE CURRENT BEST EVIDENCE BASED INPUTS.

[27-06-2025 12.13] PPM 1: OPD now:
50M Long distance patient admitted under @PPM3 @PPM4 yesterday with low backache since 4 years.
Sudden onset after potato harvest lifting heavy weights 4 years back.
Intermittent claudication pain ever since then
Was operated for a left ureteric stone 7 years back and had a classic loin to groin pain at that time.
On examination:
SLR+- right lower limb
Trunkal muscle power less than 30%
No other focal neurological deficits
What would be the next intervention diagnostic and therapeutic for him @PPM5
@PPM3 please send for physiotherapy for back strengthening exercises and start Tab P650 and tablet Ultracet half 6 hourly for two days.
[30-06-2025 00:03] PA: Dui Din physiotherapy
Karate kamorer bethata kamache/tab ultracet haf four time/ tab pc650mg three time,
Kintu hatur nicher dike ektu ektu betha ache
[30-06-2025 07:24] PPM 1: Aajke teen jone ke niye OPD te dekha korben
[02-07-2025 14:31] PA: Totale 4 ta physiotherapy karar par kamorer bethata anekta kam?  kintu hatur nich ta ajke bethata beshi hache sir
[02-07-2025 14:37] PPM 1: Dekha korun ICU te
[02-07-2025 14.57] PPM 1: @PP6 @PPM7 @PPM8 @PPM9 please send him to surgeons now for excision biopsy of this nodule
[02-07-2025 15:00] PPM 1: @PPM6 add tablet amitriptyline 10 mg one hour before dinner for four weeks.
The previous paracetamol and Tramadol is only for two days a week
[02-07-2025 15:00] PPM 7: Ok sir
[02-07-2025 15:04] PPM 1: @PPM6 please check his current grade of sacroileitis (part of his spondyloarthropathy) in his x-ray sacroiliac joints by getting it now again asap 
I didn't realise earlier that the x-rays here 👇
Were done 3 years earlier!
[02-07-2025 15:04] PPM 6: Ok sir

[02-07-2025 19.45] PPM 1: Compare this with the images here 👇
And guess the grade of sacroileitis in this patient
[04-07-2025 08:29] PA: Aj chuti kariye dean sir
[04-07-2025 09:02] PPM 1: @PPM6 share the deidentified EMR discharge summary ASAP here

Thursday, June 26, 2025

PG FINAL YEAR (2018-21) BATCH UNIVERSITY PRACTICAL EXAMINATION

 18100006007 CASE PRESENTATIONS

AUGUST 10, 2021

LONG CASE: 

A 47 year male patient resident of Nalgonda came with chief complaints of abdominal distension and swelling of bilateral lower limbs since 6 months which is gradually increasing since 10 days and  and fever since 2 days.

History of present illness
Patient was apparently asymptomatic 18 months back then he noticed abdominal distension which is insidious in onset and gradually progressive in nature and subsequently noticed bilateral swelling of lower limbs , he was hospitalized for one week and took medication which increased his urine output and abdominal paracentesis was done and felt better ,, However he discontinued medicine 6 months back and presented with similar complaints where he was hospitalized and treated conservatively , he was hospitalized 3 months back again with similar complaints , again abdominal paracentesis of 1.5 to 2 lit was done. He is on medication, the past 10 days he noticed abdominal distension associated associated with swelling of bilateral lower limbs which started at ankle and progressed upto knee, 
H/0 of fever high grade, intermittent in nature not associated with chills, since 2 days,
H/0 of anorexia, fatigue and generalized weakness since 3 months,,
H/0 of disturbed sleep since one month, where he complained of excessive day time sleepiness and night distured sleep,
H/0 of yellowish discoloration of eyes 3 months back now it subsided, 
No h/0 of nausea and vomitings,
No h/0 of pain abdomen
No h/0 of decreased urine output
No h/0 of high coloured urine and clay coloured stools.
No history of shortness of breath
No history of blood transfusions 
Past medical illness- 
 History of abdominal distension, swelling of bilateral pedal oedema, and hematemesis one episode 50 ml 18 months back, where he admitted in an hospital for 10 days which relieved with diuretics, abdominal paracentesis and gastric oesophageal ligation was done.
Appendicectomy 25 years ago
No history of hypertension, diabetes, thyroid, epilepsy or seizure disorder.
Personal history- 
Diet - mixed
Sleep - disturbed, excessive day time sleep, night time disturbed sleep since one month. 
Appetite- decreased.
Bladder habits- regular and normal.
Habits- chronic consumption of alcohol since 20 years daily, country liquor of 500 ml nearly 110gm per day, and whisky of 150 ml per day nearly 50gm per day, 
Last binge of alcohol - 3 days before admission he took 100gm.
Summary - Decompensated chronic liver disease secondary to ethanol consumption, with ascites, portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy stage 1 and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
General examination - 
Moderately built and nourished.
Patient is oriented to time, place and person.
GCS - E4 V5 M6  
VITALS - 
Pulse - 82 beats per minute, regular normal volume, and character, no radio radial or radio femoral delay.
Blood pressure - 100/70 mm Hg, right arm supine position.
Respiratory rate - 18 cpm, thoracoabdominal. 
Spo2- 98 % on room air
Jvp - not elevated.
Physical examination- 
pallor - present
Icterus - absent
No cyanosis
No clubbing
No generalized lymphadenopathy
Pedal edema + 
Head to toe examination- 
Axillary and pubic hair - sparse.
B/ l parotid enlargement - negative
No fetor hepaticus
No asterixis
No gynaecomastia
Spider nevi - absent
No planar erythema
No leuconchyia
Flapping tremors - seen.
Inspection - 
Oral cavity - No dental caries and no Tobacco staining
Abdomen - flanks full, distension.
Appendicectomy scar present.
Distened veins present.
No visible peristalsis or no visible pulsations.
Palpation - 
Done in supine position with Both Limbs flexed and hands by side of body.
No tenderness or local rise of temperature.
Abdomen - soft.
No gaurding and rigidity
Lower border of liver not palpable.
Spleen not palpable 
Kidneys bimanually palpable, ballotable.
Fluid thrill - present
Abdominal girth - 98 cms . 
Xiphisternum to umbilicus - 16 cms
Pubic symphysis to umbilicus - 13cms
Percussion - 
Liver span - 15.7 cm in mid-clavicular line
Auscultation: 
Normal bowel sounds heard.
No hepatic bruit, venous hum or friction rub.
Examination of external genitilia - No testicular atrophy.
Examination of spine - Normal.
Provisional diagnosis - 
Decompensated chronic liver disease
Etiology - chronic ethanol related.
 Ascites, SBP, Hepatic encephalopathy 
? Hepatorenal syndrome. Esophageal gastric ligation bands were. 
Child-Pugh SCORE - C
Investigations-
CBP - 
HB - 10.7 
TLC - 19100,
PLT - 1.50 LAKH
N - 90
CUE -  
Albumin- 2+
Sugar- nil
Rbcs- nil
Pus cells - 4-5
RFT -
Blood urea - 116 mg/ dl
Serum creatinine - 4.8 mg/dl
Sodium - 128 meq/l
Potassium - 5.5meq/l
Chloride - 102 meq/l
Uric acid - 5.0 
Calcium - 9.1
Phosphorus - 8.0 
LFT - 
Total bilirubin - 1.63 mg/ dl
Direct bilirubin - 0.40mg/dl
SGOT - 34 IU/L
SGPT - 20 IU/L
ALP - 186 IU/L
Total protein - 5.4 gm/dl
Albumin - 2.06 gm/ dl
RBS- 70mg/dl
Ascitic fluid analysis -
SAAG - 1.74. Serum albumin - 2.01
Ascitic albumin - 0.36
Ascitic LDH - 120 IU/ L
Ascitic sugar - 52 mg/ dl
Ascitic protein - 0.8 g/dl
Appearance - Clear
Neutrophil count - 405.
Total count - 675
RBCS - Present.
PT - 16 Sec.
APTT - 32sec.
INR - 1.11
HIV - negative.
HbSAg -negative.
HCV - negative.
ECG - 

 X ray - 

Treatment given - 
1. Tab PAN 40 MG OD
2. TAB . RIFAGUT 550 mg po BD
3. SYP.HEPAMERZ 10 ml Bd
4. SYP. Lactulose 10 ml H/ S
5. Tab udiliv 300 mg po BD.
6. Inj . Ciprofloxacin 500mg iv Bd
7. Daily abdominal girth.
8. Salt restricted diet.


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SHORT CASE-1:

Case:

A 43year old female came to OPD with chief complaints of:
CHEST PAIN SINCE 10 DAYS
FEVER SINCE 10 DAYS 
COUGH WITH EXPECTORATION SINCE 10 DAYS
HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:
Patient was apparently asymptomatic 10 days back and then presented with ;
Pain in the right SIDE OF THE CHEST region  ,  non radiating, increased with inspiration and coughing .
She also complained of  fever, moderate to high grade ,associated with chills and rigors ,  since 10 days. She also complained of cough with scanty mucoid expectorant which wasn't blood tinged, non foul smelling since the past 10 days
She however had no complaints of weight loss,  dyspnea, burning micturition, vomiting, diarrhea.
No history DM, HTN, CAD, CVA, Thyroid Disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis
ON EXAMINATION 
Patient was conscious, coherent, cooperative 
She was moderately built, well nourished 
She had pallor, though no signs of cyanosis, clubbing, pedal edema, lymphadenopathy,
Temperature 100.6 F.
Pulse 98 bpm, regular, normal in volume with no radioradial or radiofemoral day
BP 140/ 80mmhg checked in right arm in supine posture
RR 22 cpm
Spo2 91% on room air
GRBS - 105 mg/dl
 Respiratory system examination:
INSPECTION-
shape of the chest: elliptical
symmetry:b/l symmetry
position of trachea: central
apex beat: seen in 5th intercostal space midclavicular line
Rr-22 cpm
rhythm-regular
type- thoracoabdominal
no accessory or intercostal muscles usage .
no engorged veins over the chest and neck
no obvious spine abnormality
PALPATION- 
            all inspectory findings are confirmed.
position of trachea- central
apex beat- felt ( 5th intercostal space midclavicular line)
Movements           lt                 rt
upper thorax         N                  N
anterior                  N                N
posterior                 N               decreased
chest expansion -    N              decreased
Chest expansion              lt   rt
supraclavicular              N    N
infraclavicular                N    N
mammary                        N     decreased
Inframammary               N   decreased
axillary                             N   decreased
infraaxillary                    N   decreased
suprascapular                 N    N
interscapular                   N   decreased
infrascapular                   N   decreased
Vocal Fermitus                lt   rt
supraclavicular               N   N
infraclavicular                N   N
mammary                        N  decreased
axillary                             N  decreased
infraaxillary                    N  decreased
suprascapular                 N   N
interscapular                  N  decreased
infrascapular                  N  decreased
PERCUSSION                    lt            rt
supraclavicular        resonant resonant
infraclavicular         resonant   resonant
mammary                 resonant     dull
Inframammary        resonant    dull
axillary                      resonant   dull
infraaxillary             resonant   dull
suprascapular          resonant   resonant
interscapular           resonant    dull
infrascapular           resonant    dull
AUSCULTATION.         lt          rt
supraclavicular        nvbs    nvbs
infraclavicular         nvbs    nvbs
mammary                 nvbs    reduced
axillary                      nvbs    reduced
infraaxillary             nvbs    reduced
suprascapular          nvbs    reduced
interscapular            nvbs    reduced
infrascapular            nvbs    reduced
no added sounds
no wheeze/crepts/rub
Cardiovascular System Examination: S1 S2 heard, no murmurs 
Per Abdomen:  soft, non tender, no organomegaly
Central Nervous System Examination:
             HMF intact
 Speech normal
 Sensory system N
  Motor system N
Provisional Diagnosis:
Right sided pleural effusion 
INVESTIGATIONS
ECG:

Chest Xray PA view:
Haemogram:
Hb :9.5 gm/ dl 
TLC :17200 cells / cumm
Lymphocytes:15%
RBC : 4.12 
Plt- 3.7 lakhs cells /cumm
Smear :
Normocytic hypochromic with neutrophilia and thrombocytosis 
LFT:                                            RFT:              
                                                   BLOOD UREA:27mg/dl
 TB - 0.6 mg/ dl                         SERUM creatinine:0.8mg/dl
DB - 0.2 mg/ dl 
SGOT - 16
SGPT- 27
Alp - 239
TP-6.8
Albumin -2.9
A/G- 0.74
RBS:128mg/dl
USG ABDOMEM: normal
Pleural fluid analysis:
Pleural tap was done following all the aseptic measures, on right side 6 th posterior intercostal space, white viscous fluid was taken out and sent for analysis
CELL COUNT
Volume: 1ml
Colour: pus like material
Appearance: Cloudy
Total Count: Plenty cells/cumm
DIFFERENTIAL COUNT
Neutrophils: 86%
Lymphocytes: 14%
RBC: Nil
Others: Nil
SUGARS: #34mg/dl
PROTEIN: #4.3gm/dl
Serum Protein: 6.9g/dl
Serum LDH: 319 IU/L
 Cytology report:
Smears showed rich cellularity composed of degenerating neutrophils only against eosinophilic proteniacious background 
Impression: cytology suggestive of acute inflammatory condition.

Final diagnosis:
Type 1 Respiratory Failure due to Pleural Effusion/Empyema likely due to a bacterial infection.
Treatment:
1. IV fluids 
2. Inj Augmentin 1.2g/IV/BD
3. Inj Pantop 40mg/ IV/OD
4. Tab dolo 650mg/PO/SOS
5. Syrup Ascoril / PO/ TID 
10ml,  with one glass of water
6.iv metrogyl 500mg/iv/tid




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SHORT CASE-2:
A 18yr old male presented with complaints of difficulty in walking since 1 month
Bilateral lower limbs weakness since 15 days
Patient was apparently asymptomatic 15 days back then he gradually developed weakness in both lower limbs   which initially started with difficulty in wearing and holding footwear and then gradually ascended to involve his calf muscles, wherein he had difficulty in walking, which required support (walls). After a few days, the patient started noticing difficulty in getting up from bed, standing from a sitting position and difficulty in squatting.
H/o difficulty in climbing stairs
He also has a history of difficulty in getting up from bed. These symptoms appeared 5 days after the onset of the initial symptom. 1 day later, the patient started developing weakness in his hands, wherein he had difficulty in holding glasses, buttoning and unbuttoning of his shirt and writing. He has no history of difficulty in wearing a t-shirt. He has difficulty in mixing his food but no difficulty in taking the food to his mouth. History of buckling of knees +
No h/o difficulty in breathing 
no h/o difficulty in lifting the head off the pillow
No h/o sensory deficit in feeling clothes
no h/o sensory deficit for hot/cold sensation
no h/o tingling and numbness in UL & LL
no h/o band like sensation
no h/o low backache
no h/o trauma 
no h/o giddiness while washing face
no h/o cotton wool sensation
no h/o urgency/hesitancy/increased frequency of urine
no h/o urinary incontinence
No h/o nausea/ vomiting/diarrhea
no h/o seizures
no h/o spine disturbances
no h/o head trauma
no h/o loss of memory
no h/o abnormality in perception of smell
no h/o blurring of vision
no h/o double vision/difficulty in eye movements
no h/o abnormal sensation of face
no h/o difficulty in chewing food
no h/o difficulty in closing eyes
no h/o drooling of saliva
no h/o giddiness/swaying
no h/o difficulty in swallowing
no h/o dysphagia/dysphasia
no h/o tongue deviation
no h/o difficulty in reaching objects
no h/o tremors/tongue fasciculations
no h/o incoordination during drinking water
no h/o fever/neck stiffness
Past history:
no h/o similar complaints in past
not a known case of DM/HTN/EPILEPSY/CVA/CAD
personal history:
mixed diet with normal appetite and normal bowel/bladder movements
h/o alcohol since 2y weekly twice.
No h/o smoking
no significant family history.
General examination:
Moderately built;poorly nourished
afebrile
Pallor present 
Icterus negative
No cyanosis, clubbing, lymphadenopathy, Edema.
no short neck
no scars;no h/o tropic ulcers
no neurocutaneous markers
BP: 100/60 mmhg
PR: 80 bpm
CVS: s1 s2 hears no murmurs
RS: bae + nvbs hears
P/A: soft, nontender
CNS:  HMF- patient conscious
oriented to place/time/person
no h/o aphsia/dysarthria
no h/o dysphonia
no h/o memory loss
no h/o emotional lability
cranial nerves- intact
MOTOR SYSTEM 
                                           Right.         Left
Bulk:                                  Normal     Normal
Measurements             U/l   28.5cm.   28.5c
                                         L/L 37 cm    37 cm
Tone:               Wrists      Hypotonia    Hypotonia
                      Biceps     Normal        Normal
                         LL.         hypotonia.      hypotonia
Power              Distal Muscle Group (Wrists) 40%.              40%
             Proximal Muscle Group (Both Extensors and Flexors) 3/5        3/5
              Distal Muscle Group (Both Extensors and Flexors) 4/5              4/5
Reflexes.  
   Superficial reflexes
                       Right.           Left
Abdominal.      Absent          Absent
Plantar            mute           mute
cremasteric.    +                +
    Deep tendon reflexes 
                     Right.             Left
Biceps.          Present         Present
Triceps.         Present         Present          
Supinator.     ---                    ---
Finger Flexor ---                    ---
Knee              ---                    ---
Ankle.            ---                    ---
SENSORY SYSTEM 
                                    RIGHT.           LEFT
SPINOTHALAMIC 
             crude touch.   N.                   N
                 pain.             N.                   N
            temperature.   N.                   N
post:
             fine touch.      N.                   N
             vibration.        N.                   N
     position sensor.    N.                   N
 cortical 
 2 point discrimination N.                   N
tactile localisation.        N.                   N
CEREBELLUM - Normal Examination
INVESTIGATIONS
HEMOGRAM: 
HB            10.4gm/dl
Platelets 2.56lakhs/cumm
TLC            10400 cells/cumm
lymphocytes 10%
smear -microcytic hypochromic anemia
 serum electrolytes
Na+ 143 meq/l
k+.    3.9meq/l
cl-.       95meq/l
CHEST X-RAY-
                                          
ECG:
                                        
Diagnosis
Bilaterally Symmetrical Ascending Proximal > Distal LMN Type Quadriparesis due to Peripheral Neuropathy upto level C7 likely due to Guillian Barre Syndrome (Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy)
Investigations - Nerve Conduction Studies.